The Impact Of Student Loan Debt On Geographic Mobility

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The Impact Of Student Loan Debt On Geographic Mobility

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Why Black Students Are Most Affected By Student Loan Debt Than White Students

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The Impact of Student Debt on Career Choices Among Doctor of Public Health Graduates in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis

By Chulwoo Park Chulwoo Park Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, *, † and Eric Coles Eric Coles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, †

Post Pandemic Tuition, Student Loans And The Middle Class

Received: February 13, 2022 / Revised: April 12, 2022 / Accepted: April 13, 2022 / Published: April 15, 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue on COVID-19 and the Government Public Health Workforce: Adaptation, Response and Recovery to Staffing a Global Pandemic)

(1) Background: As gaps in the public health workforce grow in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, graduates of public health schools, especially Doctors of Public Health (DrPH), are ready to offer relief. While there are some known recruitment issues, student debt and the impact of debt on career choices are understudied. (2) Methods: In the present study, we conduct a descriptive analysis of the potential impact of student debt on career choices among DrPH students and alumni in the United States using a national cross-sectional online survey . A total of 203 participants (66: alumni and 137: current students) completed the survey. Descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test of independence and content analysis were used to analyze the funding situation and its impact on career choices. (3) Results: We found that (1) 72% of current DrPH students have zero funding support for their degree, (2) scholarship opportunities for a DrPH degree are limited, especially when compared to PhD programs, and (3) student debt. it impacts 59% of DrPH students and 29% of the career choices of DrPH graduates (about 49% of all respondents). (4) Conclusion: Student debt and a misunderstanding of DrPH are likely impediments to DrPH graduates participating in the public health workforce.

The public health workforce is critical to maintaining and developing the public health system and its infrastructure. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, specialized and diverse public health professionals are needed. However, according to CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky, there is a shortage of 80,000 professionals nationwide to control the new variants of COVID-19 [1]. An immediate cause of this shortage was exacerbated by the wave of resignations and withdrawals due to unsustainable working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many officials facing burnout, verbal abuse and physical threats [2, 3, 4, 5]. Many state and local public health leaders have resigned, retired, or been fired due to political backlash and pandemic pressure, leading to millions of Americans living in a community that has lost its leaders. of the public health department [3]. These acute challenges produced by the public health workforce shortage were inevitable. Before COVID-19, the shortage of public health workers was already predicted. For example, a policy brief from the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) stated, in 2008, that the public health workforce will have a shortage of 250,000 professionals by 2020 [6]. Nine years later, a 2017 national survey of public health workers found that approximately half of the public health workforce plans to leave their organization in the next five years [7]. However, the impending public health workforce shortage was not resolved before COVID-19 hit the country. As a result, the pandemic has only exacerbated the United States’ long-standing public health workforce shortage.

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Graduates from public health schools, an obvious choice, appear to be available to fill at least some of the staffing shortage. First, there is a large number of graduates. Between 1992 and 2016, more than 170,000 public health degrees were awarded by institutions based in the United States. The number of graduates each year is also increasing, with a 300% increase in annual public health graduates over the 24-year period [8]. In 2016, the most recent year available, more than 19,000 public health degrees, of which approximately 91% were at the master’s level and 9% at the doctoral level, were conferred at more than 300 institutions [8 ]. While these degrees could support the US public health workforce, several studies have noted recruitment challenges. There are practical problems, such as a recent qualitative study that reported that public health students had difficulty finding employment in the public health department [9]. Another impediment was the protracted delays in hiring graduates for government sector public health departments, compared to hiring times in other sectors [ 10 ]. Furthermore, Yeager et al. [11] identify more fundamental problems that exist, such as the need for more competitive benefits. The salary outlook is especially prominent as a benefit for recruiting. According to an analysis of graduates of the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, the salaries of the government, non-profit and NGO sectors were less than those for health care, consulting and health insurance [12]. There is also evidence that the problem is aggravated for doctors, especially in the field of public health. Data from the Congressional Budget Office said that the average compensation of federal workers was lower than private sector workers at the professional or doctoral level [13]. According to Sellers et al., the salaries of employees with a doctoral degree in public health are paid less than employees with other doctoral degrees in the government public health system [14]. These problems can be summarized by a statement from a 2016 editorial for the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH): “public health agencies do not know how best to recruit qualified public health workers in the vacancies [10]”.

One issue that is absent from discussions about public health workforce recruitment is student debt, which has been identified as having an impact on career choices in other fields. Student debt is significant in public health fields, according to a study on Doctor of Medicine, physical therapy and pharmacy [15]. This type of debt has been shown to impact career choices in similar fields, especially in dentistry, according to a study by Nasseh and Vujicic [16]. The problem has been studied much more widely, with only a few papers noted in the present study. A study of a highly selective university institution found that debt increased the decisions made by graduates regarding higher paying jobs and reduced the likelihood of graduates choosing “public interest” jobs [17 ]. According to a study of a nationally representative sample, the results of the labor market were different between the different classes of holders of the student debt [18].

The importance of student debt on career choices in public health is very timely, given future policy and funding decisions. On May 13, 2021, the Biden-Harris administration announced its intention to invest $7.4 billion in recruiting and building a new public health workforce. While most of the money is intended for the COVID-19 response (4.4 billion USD), 3 billion USD was intended to prepare the workforce for future outbreaks and challenges [19]. However, it is not clear how this money will be used, especially if any of it will be allocated for loan repayment or forgiveness programs. A bill that is currently on the floor of the Senate represents a glimmer of hope, which will expand a loan repayment program to students with a degree in public health for the first time [20]. As others have noted, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented an opportunity to significantly advance the public health workforce [21]. Policy makers need to understand the impact of student debt to decide how best to allocate funds to improve recruitment in public health departments.

In the present study, we analyze the impact of debt on the career choices of students and former students (DrPHers) of Doctors of Public Health (DrPH), who could serve as a new generation of public health leaders. DrPHers could be a key resource for strengthening the workforce. It is estimated that 15% of doctoral graduates between 1992 and 2016 were DrPHers [8]. They are trained to be future transformative public health leaders who have strengths

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